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Usred mnogih poznatih poljoprivrednih kultura ukorijenjenih u našem kraju, pronašli smo mjesto u kojem raste relativno nepopularna kultura. No, nije to zbog male korisnosti ili zahtjevnog uzgoja, već zbog neznanja o potencijalima uzgoja te biljke, ali i vizualne sličnosti s njezinom sestrom, indijskom konopljom. Riječ je, što ste već i zaključili, o – industrijskoj konoplji.
U Biljevcu, na imanju dvadesetdvogodišnjeg Marka Cerjana, pronašli smo polje industrijske konoplje, okružene ostalim udomaćenim kulturama.
– Prije smo na tim površinama sadili kukuruz, pšenicu, dok su neka zemljišta, na kojima je sad industrijska konoplja, bila neobrađena – kazao nam je Marko vodeći nas do polja.
Potencijali industrijske konoplje
Naravno, više od svega zanimali su nas razlozi; zašto je Marko odlučio baš tu kulturu uzgajati na svojim posjedima?
– Po očevoj smrti naslijedio sam poljoprivredno zemljište i sve obaveze koje ono donosi. Da nije bilo konoplje, bila bi neka druga kultura. No, odluka je pala na industrijsku konoplju jer, moje je mišljenje, u njoj leži ogroman gospodarski potencijal koji, u ovom trenu, nije ni približno iskorišten u Hrvatskoj. Kad pogledamo količinu plodno obradive i neobradive površine unutar nacionalnih granica, mogućnosti za rast na tom polju su iznimne – opisao je Marko svoje motive.
Ipak, nije to bila impulzivna odluka, već nešto što je Marko razmatrao duže vrijeme.
– Ideja se javila još prije nekoliko godina, ali nije bilo mogućnosti da je realiziram, bio sam premlad i zauzet drugim obvezama, školom, fakultetom. No, spletom okolnosti, početkom ove godine došao sam do zaključka kako je potpuno smisleno ući u taj posao. Mnogi tabui koji još uvijek postoje vezani za industrijsku konoplju nisu me pritom omeli – dodao je Marko.
Počeci, kako to često biva, nisu bili glatki i ugodni, no, gdje ima volje, ima i načina.
– Nije bilo neke značajne podrške u početku, osim najužeg kruga prijatelja, no nisam je ni očekivao. Ipak, kako je vrijeme prolazilo, ljudi su počeli sve više gledati stvari na moj način i uvidjeli su korisnost biljke. To što sam na svoju stranu pridobio majku, a ona je bila velik skeptik, ipak mi je najviše značilo i ona mi je uvelike pomogla s papirologijom vezanom za dozvolu sadnje industrijske konoplje – kazao je Marko Cerjan.
Kroz šumu papira do polja konoplje
Papirologija je znanost kojom u Hrvatskoj rijetki ovladaju, a ni Marko nije bio bolje sreće, već je svoj put do stvarnog rada započeo u uredima i internetskim prostranstvima.
– Pribavljanje papira nije bilo lako, u početku sam morao sve sam istraživati i ne mogu reći da nije potrajalo. Sad, kad je staza već utabana, sve je to puno lakše, znam svaki korak. Zahtjev se može pronaći na internetu ako samo uguglate ‘zahtjev za dozvolu industrijske konoplje’ te na njemu sve piše. U taj zahtjev mora se ubaciti matični broj gospodarstva, katastarske čestice odabranih polja, predviđenu količinu sjemena za sjetvu po svakoj zemlji te predviđen datum sjetve i žetve. Naravno, dodati dokaz o tome da pravna ili fizička osoba u zadnjih pet godina nema pravomoćnu presudu za kazneno djelo zlouporabe droge – ukratko nam je iznio bitne točke puta industrijske konoplje, no, smatra Marko, taj spor proces ubrzat će se kad se poveća proizvodnja industrijske konoplje.
Financijska ulaganja, kazao je Marko, nisu zapravo ni po čemu visoka.
– Mnogi misle da su financijska ulaganja prezahtjevna za naše poljoprivrednike, no to je još jedna dezinformacija koja odbija ljude od sadnje industrijske konoplje. Ulaganja jesu nešto viša od ostalih kultura, ali su zato i prihodi znatno viši tako da to dođe na svoje. Kada bi se oduzeli poticaji, ulaganje po hektru iznosilo bi oko dvije i pol tisuće kuna – kazao nam je Marko.
Poticaji također postoje i iznose 2.250 kuna po hektru, kazao nam je, a ako ste voljni napraviti uzorak analize tla, koji košta 250 kuna, država će vam vratiti i to.
– Najbitnija stavka cijele priče je u tome da je potražnja veća od ponude. To je jedino što treba zanimati potencijalne proizvođače. Što se zasićenja tržišta tiče, vjerujem da ni u skoroj, a ni daljoj budućnosti nema straha od takve pojave. U prilog takvoj tvrdnji ide baš to da je ta biljka višenamjenska te se može koristiti za preradu više desetaka tisuća proizvoda – iznio je svoje viđenje stanja na tržištu industrijskom konopljom Marko Cerjan.
Industrijska konoplja kao domaća kultura
Sadnja nije predstavljala neki poseban problem, postoje naravno neke stvari na koje je potrebno obratiti pažnju, kazuje Marko, ali uzgoj je uvelike sličan ostalim postojećim kulturama.
– Proces uzgoja je skoro pa identičan uzgoju ostalih kultura, no ono što mnogi proizvođači smatraju neophodnim je zimska brazda. Nakon toga slijedi proljetna obrada tla te upotreba dobro poznatih strojeva poput tanjurača. Sjetva ide od početka svibnja do početka lipnja (zavisno od vremenskih uvjeta). Kako je biljka najranjivija prvih par tjedana nakon sjetve, ne smije se dogoditi da padne mraz u tom vremenskom periodu jer može doći do gubitaka – rekao je Marko te dodao kako žetva kreće početkom rujna, a vrši se klasičnim žitnim kombajnom.
A produkt rada je stabiljka industrijske konoplje.
– Laički rečeno, biljka se sastoji od dva dijela. Vrh biljke sadrži 90 posto sjemena, nekih 30 centimetara od vrha prema dolje, a koristi se za preradu prehrambenih proizvoda (čaj, ulje, brašno, proteini i ostalo). Donji dio stabiljke je prerađuje se u vlakno koje se koristi u raznim vrstama industrija (auto, tekstil, užad, izolacija i tako dalje) – objasnio nam je Marko.
Zakonske regulative i policijske kontrole
Problem ipak postoji, no on bi trebao biti riješen u narednim mjesecima.
– Trenutno, shodno našim zakonskim regulativama, ne koristi se stabiljka, ali to bi se trebalo promijeniti u nadolazećim mjesecima. Tako da će to biti još jedan dodatan poticaj za sadnju industijske konoplje. Zasad, stabiljka se mora izorati kao prirodno gnojivo ili, ako su proizvođači bili voljni, mogli su je izvoziti u druge države koje imaju reguliran zakon – ukazao nam je Marko na neke probleme.
Načuli smo s više strana kako je veliki problem i policijska kontrola, kako se industrijska konoplja ne bi koristila za paravan indijskoj konoplji, no Marko nas je razuvjerio.
– Nema nekog specijalnog nadzora, kod mene bar još nitko nije bio. Vi ste dužni obavijestiti policiju o svojim zemljištima pod kulturom, čisto formalno, te ako primjetite, u procesu proizvodnje, oštećenja na poljima uzrokovana ljudskom rukom – dodao je Marko.
Nakraju, Marko je odlučio poslati poruku svima koji bi se jednog dana mogli naći u istom poslu kao i on.
– Industrijska konoplja profitabilan je posao, predrasude svakako nisu. Mislim da bi u ovo vrijeme krize ljudi to morali imati na umu.
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